Fracture

What is fracture?

• A broken or cracked bone

• Occurs when pressure is applied to bone 

• Occurs with / without displacement of bone fragments

Types

• Open fracture: Skin breaks causing open wound

• Closed fracture: Skin not broken 

• Complicated fractures: Damage of adjacent organs

• Stress fracture: Hairline crack due to repeated stress

• Greenstick fracture: In children’s flexible bones

Symptoms

• Severe pain 

• Difficulty in movement

• Swelling/ bruising / bleeding 

• Deformity / abnormal twist of limb

• Tenderness on applying pressure

First-aid

• Depends on type & location of fracture

For open fractures

• Control bleeding before treatment

• Rinse and dress the wound

For open / closed fractures

• Check the breathing 

• Calm the person 

• Examine for other injuries

• Immobilize the broken wound 

• Apply ice to reduce pain / swelling

• Consult a doctor 

DO NOT

• Massage the affected area – filipinos are used to go to hilots, but take note, massaging the area might just aggrivate the condition, it may cause more pain and edema because fractured wounds are too sharp and can damage the muscles if affected area is massaged.

• Straighten the broken bone  – there are available things around that can be used to support the affected area, like peices of woods. But please be reminded that it is advisable to immobalize the affected area, and consult your Orthopedic Doctor Immediately.

• Move without support to broken bone

• Move joints above / below the fracture

• Give oral liquids / food

Prevention

• Wear protective pads / helmets when driving

• Teach children / practice, safe habits

 

Reviewed by: Leonard John D. Caoile, RN